2000 · 141 citations · 23 references
ArchitectureEducational TechnologyUser Experience DesignVirtual Reality DesignVisual PerceptionImmersive EnvironmentsSpatial CognitionVirtual Environment DesignVirtual RealityCognitive Map InterpretationExplorationImmersive Virtual RealitySpatial ImmersionSpatial Knowledge DiscoverySpatial Knowledge VisualizationVirtual Reality Displays
Head-mounted displays for virtual environments facilitate an immersive experience that seems more real than an experience provided by a desk-top monitor [18]; however, the cost of head-mounted displays can prohibit their use. An empirical study was conducted investigating differences in spatial knowledge learned for a virtual environment presented in three viewing conditions: head-mounted display, large projection screen, and desk-top monitor. Participants in each condition were asked to reproduce their cognitive map of a virtual environment, which had been developed during individual exploration of the environment along a predetermined course. Error scores were calculated, indicating the degree to which each participant's map differed from the actual layout of the virtual environment. No statistically significant difference was found between the head-mounted display and large projection screen conditions. An implication of this result is that a large projection screen may be an effective, inexpensive substitute for a head-mounted display.
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Annals of the Association of American Geographers
Geographical Review · 1921 · 1.4K citations
Presence : teleoperators and virtual environments.
Mold press · 2014 · 578 citations