Inhibition of BAD phosphorylation either at serine 112 via extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase cascade or at serine 136 via Akt cascade sensitizes human ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin.

Abstract

We studied the roles of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K)-protein kinase B/Akt-BAD cascade in both cisplatin-resistant Caov-3 and -sensitive A2780 human ovarian cancer cell lines. Treatment of both Caov-3 and A2780 cells with cisplatin but not with the trans-diaminodichloroplatinum (transplatin) isomer stimulated the activation of Akt, and the PI-3K inhibitor wortmannin blocked the cisplatin-induced activation of Akt. Treatment of both Caov-3 and A2780 cells with cisplatin but not with the trans-diaminodichloroplatinum isomer also stimulated the phosphorylation of BAD at both the Ser-112 and Ser-136 sites. Whereas the phosphorylation of BAD at Ser-136 was blocked by treatment with wortmannin, its phosphorylation at Ser-112 was blocked by a MAP/ERK kinase inhibitor, PD98059. Exogenous expression of a dominant-negative Akt in both Caov-3 and A2780 cells decreased the cell viability after treatment with cisplatin. In contrast, no sensitization to cisplatin was observed in cells expressing wild-type Akt. We further examined the role of BAD in the viability after cisplatin treatment using BAD mutants. Exogenous expression of each of the singly substituted BADS112A or BADS136A in both Caov-3 and A2780 cells decreased the viability after treatment with cisplatin to a degree intermediate between that caused by exogenous expression of wild-type BAD and doubly substituted BAD2SA. Cisplatin did not stimulate the phosphorylation of BAD Ser-136, but did stimulate the phosphorylation of BAD Ser-112 in cells expressing a dominant-negative Akt, suggesting that BAD Ser-136 but not Ser-112 was phosphorylated by Akt. Our findings suggest that cisplatin-induced DNA damage causes the phosphorylation of both BAD Ser-112 via an extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) cascade and BAD Ser-136 via a PI-3K-protein kinase B/Akt cascade and that inhibition of either of these cascades sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin.