Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Bcl-XL to Treat Lung Cancer

Abstract

Bcl-XL is a major antiapoptotic protein in the Bcl-2 family whose overexpression is more widely observed in human lung cancer cells than that of Bcl-2, suggesting that Bcl-XL is more biologically relevant and therefore a better therapeutic target for lung cancer. Here, we screened small molecules that selectively target the BH3 domain (aa 90-98) binding pocket of Bcl-XL using the UCSF DOCK 6.1 program suite and the NCI chemical library database. We identified two new Bcl-XL inhibitors (BXI-61 and BXI-72) that exhibit selective toxicity against lung cancer cells compared with normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Fluorescence polarization assay reveals that BXI-61 and BXI-72 preferentially bind to Bcl-XL protein but not Bcl2, Bcl-w, Bfl-1/A1, or Mcl-1 in vitro with high binding affinities. Treatment of cells with BXI-72 results in disruption of Bcl-XL/Bak or Bcl-XL/Bax interaction, oligomerization of Bak, and cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Importantly, BXI-61 and BXI-72 exhibit more potent efficacy against human lung cancer than ABT-737 but less degree in platelet reduction in vivo. BXI-72 overcomes acquired radioresistance of lung cancer. On the basis of our findings, the development of BXI(s) as a new class of anticancer agents is warranted and represents a novel strategy for improving lung cancer outcome.