Guidelines for pre-operative cardiac risk assessment and perioperative cardiac management in non-cardiac surgery

Abstract

ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG): Alec Vahanian (Chairperson) (France), Angelo Auricchio (Switzerland), Jeroen J. Bax (The Netherlands), Claudio Ceconi (Italy), Veronica Dean (France), Gerasimos Filippatos (Greece), Christian Funck-Brentano (France), Richard Hobbs (UK), Peter Kearney (Ireland), Theresa McDonagh (UK), Keith McGregor (France), Bogdan A. Popescu (Romania), Zeljko Reiner (Croatia), Udo Sechtem (Germany), Per Anton Sirnes (Norway), Michal Tendera (Poland), Panos Vardas (Greece), Petr Widimsky (Czech Republic) Document Reviewers: Raffaele De Caterina (CPG Review Coordinator) (Italy), Stefan Agewall (Norway), Nawwar Al Attar (France), Felicita Andreotti (Italy), Stefan D. Anker (Germany), Gonzalo Baron-Esquivias (Spain), Guy Berkenboom (Belgium), Laurent Chapoutot (France), Renata Cifkova (Czech Republic), Pompilio Faggiano (Italy), Simon Gibbs (UK), Henrik Steen Hansen (Denmark), Laurence Iserin (France), Carsten W. Israel (Germany), Ran Kornowski (Israel), Nekane Murga Eizagaechevarria (Spain), Mauro Pepi (Italy), Massimo Piepoli (Italy), Hans Joachim Priebe (Germany), Martin Scherer (Germany), Janina Stepinska (Poland), David Taggart (UK), Marco Tubaro (Italy)Table 1Table 2Preamble Guidelines and Expert Consensus Documents aim to present management and recommendations based on the relevant evidence on a particular subject in order to help physicians to select the best possible management strategies for the individual patient with a specific condition, taking into account not only the impact on outcome but also the risk–benefit ratio particular Guidelines for Guidelines and Expert Consensus Documents in the and also the impact on for in order to to the recommendations for and ESC and Expert Consensus Documents on the ESC in the in the and a the evidence for management a and the risk–benefit for evidence and the particular and to in and the on the the in the to the the ESC ESC Committee for 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