Antiglioma Immunological Memory in Response to Conditional Cytotoxic/Immune-Stimulatory Gene Therapy: Humoral and Cellular Immunity Lead to Tumor Regression

Abstract

Treatment with Ad-Flt3L + Ad-TK triggered systemic anti-glioblastoma multiforme cellular and humoral immune responses, and anti-glioblastoma multiforme immunological memory. Release of the chromatin-binding protein high mobility group box 1 could be used as a noninvasive biomarker of therapeutic efficacy for glioblastoma multiforme. The robust treatment efficacy lends further support to its implementation in a phase I clinical trial.