Electron-beam writing of ferroelectric domains in Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂single crystals

Abstract

High-resolution optically detectable line-shaped domains have been switched into ferroelectric bismuth titanate, Bi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> Ti <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</inf> , by scanning a bare crystal surface with a finely focused electron beam.