A method for investigating human factor aspects of aircraft accidents and incidents

Abstract

Approximately 70% of aircraft accidents and incidents have in the past been attributed to human error, and the importance of human error as a major contributory factor is now universally recognized. A satisfactory technique for the investigation of human error type accidents and incidents has not yet been standardized. This paper describes a comprehensive procedure which has been designed to assess human behaviour in instances of aircraft accidents and incidents. The aim of such a human factors investigation is to understand why the accident or incident occurred and so lead to a better understanding of human error, and as a result enhance flight safety. The use of questionnaires and interviews to assess the subjective data available is discussed, and it is recommended that the most appropriate technique for the assessment of behavioural data is the use of an interview together with a check list. The importance of an early interview with all personnel associated with an accident or an incident by a human factors specialist trained in interviewing techniques is emphasized. The check list described has been developed after reviewing the relevant literature and has been modified by personal experience derived from the investigation of Army aircraft accidents and incidents in which human factors have played an important part. The check list is based on a systems approach to understanding human error and includes such headings as ‘stress’ (including life events), ‘fatigue’, ‘arousal’ and ‘personality’. It is hoped that further improvements will be made to the check list to enable it to be used not only within the specific area of aircraft accidents and incidents, but also within the broader context of any accidents which may be attributed to human errors and as a result reduce the number of accidents and identify areas where further research may be useful.