Long-term Outcomes Following Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer

Abstract

In Brief Objective: We present and analyze long-term outcomes following multimodal therapy for esophageal cancer, in particular the relative impact of histomorphologic tumor regression and nodal status. Patients and Methods: A total of 243 patients [(adenocarcinoma (n = 170) and squamous cell carcinoma (n = 73)] treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in the period 1990 to 2004 were followed prospectively with a median follow-up of 60 months. Pathologic stage and tumor regression grade (TRG) were documented, the site of first failure was recorded, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted. Results: Thirty patients (12%) did not undergo surgery due to disease progression or deteriorated performance status. Forty-one patients (19%) had a complete pathologic response (pCR), and there were 31(15%) stage I, 69 (32%) stage II, and 72 (34%) stage III cases. The overall median survival was 18 months, and the 5-year survival was 27%. The 5-year survival of patients achieving a pCR was 50% compared with 37% in non-pCR patients who were node-negative (P = 0.86). Histomorphologic tumor regression was not associated with pre-CRT cTN stage but was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with ypN stage. By multivariate analysis, ypN status (P = 0.002) was more predictive of overall survival than TRG (P = 0.06) or ypT stage (P = 0.39). Conclusion: Achieving a node-negative status is the major determinant of outcome following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Histomorphologic tumor regression is less predictive of outcome than pathologic nodal status (ypN), and the need to include a primary site regression score in a new staging classification is unclear. A prospective analysis of 243 patients with localized esophageal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery was undertaken, and long-term outcomes reported. Pathologic node-negative status (ypN0) was the most powerful (P = 0.002) determinant of survival. Neither histomorphologic tumor regression (TRG; P = 0.06) nor depth of invasion (ypT; P = 0.39) was significantly associated with survival.