Nonvolatiles of Commercial Lime and Grapefruit Oils Separated by High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography

Abstract

The nonvolatile fractions of cold-pressed peel oils of Key and Persian lime as well as grapefruit were separated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HS-CCC). In addition to the isolation of the main coumarins, psoralens and polymethoxyflavones, a number of minor constituents were enriched and successfully characterized by GC−MS and HPLC−UV. 5,7,8-Trimethoxycoumarin and the cyclical acetals of oxypeucedanin hydrate with citral were determined as new nonvolatile trace constituents of lime oils and confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. The citral oxypeucedaninyl acetals were found particularly in Key lime oil type A, which as a result of the juice−oil contact, is exposed to acidic conditions during industrial processing. Some of the confirmed minor constituents, such as pabulenol, isooxypeucedanin, and oxypeucedanin methanolate in lime as well as auraptenol in grapefruit, may have been generated by hydrolysis-sensitive precursors during CCC separation or their respective industrial processing techniques. Keywords: Cold-pressed; Key lime oil; Persian lime oil; grapefruit oil; high-speed countercurrent chromatography; 5,7,8-trimethoxycoumarin; neral oxypeucedaninyl acetal; geranial oxypeucedaninyl acetal; oxypeucedanin methanolate