The Journal of Organic Chemistry · 2008 · 25 citations · 15 references
PharmacyChemistryMedicinal ChemistryMolecular PharmacologyStructure-activity RelationshipsSynthetic Medicinal ChemistryLigand BindingRetrosynthetic AnalysisEnantioselective ReductionEnantioselective SynthesisHydrogenationMedicinal Chemistry ApplicationsQuinoline SynthesisRuthenium-catalyzed CouplingScale-up SynthesisSuzuki - Miyaura Coupling
An improved scale-up synthesis was required for the alpha(V)beta(3)/alpha(V)beta(5) integrin antagonist 1, which had demonstrated oral efficacy in eye disease models of angiogenesis and vascular permeability. A stereodefined, quinoline-substituted, unsaturated ester was conveniently prepared by a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling to facilitate exploration of multiple methods of asymmetric reduction. The catalytic chiral hydrogenation of the corresponding unsaturated acid (Z-5b) with a ruthenium-based metal precursor and the (R)-XylPhanePhos ligand proved particularly efficient and economical. The resulting (3S)-quinoline-containing intermediate was reduced to an equal mixture of tetrahydroquinoline diastereomers. The undesired diastereomer could be recycled to the desired one by an oxidation/reduction protocol. The absolute stereochemistry of 1 was established as 3S,3'S by a combination of X-ray diffraction and chemical means.
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Solvias Josiphos Ligands: From Discovery to Technical Applications
Hans‐Ulrich Blaser, Walter Brieden, Benoı̂t Pugin et al. · Topics in Catalysis · 2002 · 331 citations