ISPRS annals of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences · 2013 · 47 citations · 12 references
ArchitectureUrban DesignUrban Planning3D ModelingGeographic Information SystemsUrban Visualization3D City ModelingArchitectural ModelingDetail ModelsLevel Of Detail ModelingThree-dimensional VisualizationUrban FormCity ModelsGeometry LodSemantic 3D City ModelingTechnical InfrastructureUml ModelingUrban 3D VisualizationUrban Semantic ModelingVirtual City Modeling
Abstract. Virtual 3D city models contain digital three dimensional representations of city objects like buildings, streets or technical infrastructure. Because size and complexity of these models continuously grow, a Level of Detail (LoD) concept effectively supporting the partitioning of a complete model into alternative models of different complexity and providing metadata, addressing informational content, complexity and quality of each alternative model is indispensable. After a short overview on various LoD concepts, this paper discusses the existing LoD concept of the CityGML standard for 3D city models and identifies a number of deficits. Based on this analysis, an alternative concept is developed and illustrated with several examples. It differentiates between first, a Geometric Level of Detail (GLoD) and a Semantic Level of Detail (SLoD), and second between the interior building and its exterior shell. Finally, a possible implementation of the new concept is demonstrated by means of an UML model.
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OpenGIS City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) Encoding Standard, Version 1.0.0
Gerhard Gröger, Thomas H. Kolbe, Angela Czerwinski et al. · 2008 · 226 citations
Alexander Köninger, Sigrid Bartel · GeoInformatica · 1998 · 100 citations