Acquisition of running in the straight alley following experience with response-independent food

Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence.

Steven F. Maier, Martin E. P. Seligman · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · 1976 · 2.4K citations

Education, Behavioral Sciences, Psychology +8

The role of frustrative nonreward in noncontinuous reward situations.

Abram Amsel · Psychological Bulletin · 1958 · 1.3K citations

Social Sciences, Behavioral Sciences, Psychology +14

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology.

W. K. Estes · American Psychologist · 1965 · 814 citations

Social Sciences, Physiology, Psychology +5

Learned helplessness in the rat.

Martin E. P. Seligman, Gwyneth Hill Beagley · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · 1975 · 481 citations

Social Sciences, Behavioral Sciences, Psychology +13

Failure to learn to escape in rats previously exposed to inescapable shock depends on nature of escape response.

Steven F. Maier, Richard W. Albin, Thomas J. Testa · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · 1973 · 270 citations

Life Sciences, Teaching, Animal Behavior +4