Generation of sub-two-cycle mid-infrared pulses by four-wave mixing through filamentation in air

TLDR

The authors focused 25‑fs Ti:sapphire fundamental and second‑harmonic pulses into air, generating broadband mid‑infrared pulses via four‑wave difference‑frequency generation during filamentation. They achieved sub‑two‑cycle, microjoule‑scale mid‑infrared pulses with an octave‑wide bandwidth (2.5–5.5 µm) and a 13‑fs pulse width, sufficient for spectroscopy.

Abstract

Generation of sub-two-cycle, microjoule pulses in the mid-infrared region is demonstrated. Fundamental and second-harmonic pulses of 25 fs Ti:sapphire amplifier output were focused into the air to produce extremely broadband mid-infrared pulses by four-wave difference-frequency generation through the filamentation. The full width at half-maximum of the spectral bandwidth reaches one octave (2.5-5.5 microm), which is sufficiently broad for sub-single-cycle pulse generation. The pulse width was estimated to be 13 fs, without any compressors, by cross-correlation frequency resolved optical gating. The output energy of more than a few microjoule is sufficient for spectroscopy.