<i>In Vivo</i> Role of INPP4B in Tumor and Metastasis Suppression through Regulation of PI3K–AKT Signaling at Endosomes

Abstract

Although both PTEN and INPP4B can inhibit PI3K-AKT signaling through their lipid phosphatase activities, here we demonstrate lack of an epistatic relationship between the two tumor suppressors. Instead, the qualitative regulation of PI3K-AKT2 signaling by INPP4B provides a mechanism for their cooperation in suppressing thyroid tumorigenesis and metastasis.