Science · 1961 · 102 citations · 2 references
Natural SciencesChemical EngineeringChemistryPhysical ChemistrySeparation ProcessesSeparation SciencePrinciples Of Freeze-dryingSolution ChemistryConcentrationFreeze-concentration ProcessesFreezingMechanical StirringSafe Handling
The principle of freezing-out has been adapted for the quantitative concentration of small or large volumes of dilute solutions. Mechanical stirring is an essential part of the process. The method should prove of greatest value where volatile or heat-labile substances are to be concentrated and is applicable to solutions in certain organic solvents as well as to aqueous solutions.
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Zone Freezing Demineralizing Saline Waters
R. C. Himes, S. E. Miller, W. H. Mink et al. · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry · 1959 · 15 citations