Visual tracking of human visitors under variable-lighting conditions for a responsive audio art installation

Abstract

For a responsive audio art installation in a skylit atrium, we introduce a single-camera statistical segmentation and tracking algorithm. The algorithm combines statistical background image estimation, per-pixel Bayesian segmentation, and an approximate solution to the multi-target tracking problem using a bank of Kalman filters and Gale-Shapley matching. A heuristic confidence model enables selective filtering of tracks based on dynamic data. We demonstrate that our algorithm has improved recall and F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -score over existing methods in OpenCV 2.1 in a variety of situations. We further demonstrate that feedback between the tracking and the segmentation systems improves recall and F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -score. The system described operated effectively for 5-8 hours per day for 4 months; algorithms are evaluated on video from the camera installed in the atrium. Source code and sample data is open source and available in OpenCV.