The Spread of the Obesity Epidemic in the United States, 1991-1998

TLDR

Obesity prevalence has risen sharply, posing a major public health threat linked to chronic diseases, prompting state‑level monitoring of trends. The study seeks to elevate weight maintenance and reduction programs as a public health priority to reverse this trend. Researchers analyzed BRFSS cross‑sectional telephone survey data from 1991‑1998, calculating BMI from self‑reported weight and height among adults. Obesity prevalence increased from 12.0% to 17.9% between 1991 and 1998, with steady rises across all states, sexes, age groups, races, education levels, and regions—especially among 18‑29‑year‑olds, college‑educated, and Hispanic individuals—showing a rapid nationwide escalation.

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of obesity is a major public health concern, since obesity is associated with several chronic diseases.To monitor trends in state-specific data and to examine changes in the prevalence of obesity among adults.Cross-sectional random-digit telephone survey (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System) of noninstitutionalized adults aged 18 years or older conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and state health departments from 1991 to 1998.States that participated in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.Body mass index calculated from self-reported weight and height.The prevalence of obesity (defined as a body mass index > or =30 kg/m2) increased from 12.0% in 1991 to 17.9% in 1998. A steady increase was observed in all states; in both sexes; across age groups, races, educational levels; and occurred regardless of smoking status. The greatest magnitude of increase was found in the following groups: 18- to 29-year-olds (7.1% to 12.1%), those with some college education (10.6% to 17.8%), and those of Hispanic ethnicity (11.6% to 20.8%). The magnitude of the increased prevalence varied by region (ranging from 31.9% for mid Atlantic to 67.2% for South Atlantic, the area with the greatest increases) and by state (ranging from 11.3% for Delaware to 101.8% for Georgia, the state with the greatest increases).Obesity continues to increase rapidly in the United States. To alter this trend, strategies and programs for weight maintenance as well as weight reduction must become a higher public health priority.