Inhibition of endothelial adhesion molecule expression by <i>Monascus purpureus</i>‐fermented rice metabolites, monacolin K, ankaflavin, and monascin

Abstract

Monascus-fermented rice metabolites reduced TNF-α-stimulated endothelial adhesiveness as well as downregulating intracellular ROS formation, NF-κB activation, and VCAM-1/E-selectin expression in HAECs, supporting the notion that the various metabolites from Monascus-fermented rice might have potential implications in clinical atherosclerosis disease.