Conduction at low temperature in ion‐implanted silicon

Abstract

Abstract The electrical conductivity in a 4 × 10 14 cm −2 , 130 keV phosphorus implanted layer is studied, after annealing, in the temperature range 4.2 K to 6 mK. The annealing (at 600°C) is such that most of the phosphorus ions become electrically active and are only partially compensated by the remaining defects. The analysis of σ versus T indicates that three different regimes of conductivity are operating, depending on the temperature range. Between 4.2 K and ≈︁ 100 mK the results find a reasonable interpretation in terms of three‐dimensional variable range hopping (VRH), which follows Mott's law: σ ∼ exp ( T −1/4 ). When T decreases, between ≈︁ 100 and ≈︁ 50 mK the hopping range becomes larger than the thickness of the implanted layer and a twodimensional VRH regime, in which σ ∼ exp ( T −1/3 ), takes place. At low temperature, below ≈︁ 50 mK, σ varies as exp ( T −1/2 ); a tentative explanation of this behaviour is proposed, in terms of correlation effects.