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Age Differences in Negotiation and Feedback in Classroom and Pairwork
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Second Language LearningNegotiationNegotiation TheoryEducational PsychologyLanguage DevelopmentTeacher-student RelationEducationEducational CommunicationCommunicationClassroom DiscourseLanguage TeachingChild Esl ClassesDevelopmental PsychologySecond Language AcquisitionChild LanguageLanguage AcquisitionSchool-age LanguageConversational ExchangeConversation AnalysisLanguage StudiesVerbal InteractionInteractional LinguisticsBehavioral SciencesAugmentative And Alternative CommunicationSocial SkillsAge DifferencesNegative FeedbackInstructional CommunicationInterpersonal CommunicationClassroom LanguageArtsCooperative Learning
The study investigates how age and interaction context influence the provision and use of negative feedback among learners. Data were collected from 20 ESL classrooms and 32 learner pairs, transcribed and coded into conversational components and interactional patterns. Results show that learners receive and use negative feedback, and that both age and interaction context shape feedback patterns.
This study examines whether differences exist in the provision and use of negative feedback, according to the age of the learners and the context of the interaction. The data were collected from 20 classrooms (10 adult and 10 child ESL classes) and 32 NS‐NNS dyads (16 adult and 16 child). Transcriptions of these formed the basis of analysis and were coded to reflect three parts of the conversational exchange and the interactional patterns to which these could be assigned. The results showed that learners both received negative feedback in response to their non‐targetlike utterances and used this feedback. Further, the findings indicated that the age of the learners and context of the exchanges did indeed affect the pattern of inter‐ action.