The unexamined Whiteness of teaching: how White teachers maintain and enact dominant racial ideologies

TLDR

Research on race in education has largely focused on children of color, yet this article examines the predominately White teaching force and the resistance phenomenon in multicultural education. The study investigates how White pre‑service teachers’ life experiences shape their understandings of race and difference, and how they negotiate challenges posed by a critical multicultural education course, aiming to inform teacher education programs on transforming White teachers’ ideologies. Using a qualitative design, the authors posed questions about pre‑service teachers’ life experiences.

Abstract

Abstract While much research that explores the role of race in education focuses on children of color, this article explores an aspect of the predominately White teaching force that educates them. This article explores findings from a qualitative study that posed questions about the ways in which White pre‐service teachers' life‐experiences influenced understandings of race and difference, and how these pre‐service teachers negotiated the challenges a critical multicultural education course offered those beliefs. In keeping with the tenet of critical race theory that racism is an inherent and normalized aspect of American society, the author found that through previous life‐experiences, the participants gained hegemonic understandings about race and difference. Participants responded to challenges to these understandings by relying on a set of 'tools of Whiteness' designed to protect and maintain dominant and stereotypical understandings of race – tools that were emotional, ideological, and performative. This phenomenon is typically referred to as resistance in the literature on White teachers and multicultural education. The author contends, however, that these tools are not simply a passive resistance to but much more of an active protection of the incoming hegemonic stories and White supremacy and therefore require analysis to better understand when and how these tools are strategically used. Understanding how these tools of Whiteness protect dominant and stereotypical understandings of race can advise teacher education programs how to better organize to transform the ideologies of White teachers. Keywords: raceracismWhitenessteacher educationstudent teachersWhite supremacytools of Whiteness studieselementary educationCritical Race Theorycritical whiteness