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Probability of stroke: a risk profile from the Framingham Study.
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1991
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HypertensionHeart FailureStroke ProbabilitiesCerebrovascular DiseaseThrombosisClinical EpidemiologyFramingham StudyNeurologyFramingham Study CohortPublic HealthCardiologyAtherosclerosisCardiovascular EpidemiologyHealth PolicyMedicineRiskCerebral Blood FlowEpidemiologyCardiovascular DiseaseIschemic StrokeVascular Cognitive DisorderStroke-related ConditionCardiovascular Risk FactorsStroke
Stroke risk factors such as age, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive therapy use, diabetes, smoking, prior cardiovascular disease, atrial fibrillation, and left ventricular hypertrophy can be assessed during routine physical exams, allowing estimation of an individual's stroke risk relative to the average for their age and sex. A health risk appraisal function has been developed for the prediction of stroke using the Framingham Study cohort. Based on 472 stroke events over 10 years of follow‑up, stroke probabilities were computed using a sex‑specific Cox proportional hazards model and a point system. Knowing that one's stroke risk is several times higher than average may motivate risk factor modification and help identify individuals with borderline risk factor levels who could benefit from multifactorial interventions.
A health risk appraisal function has been developed for the prediction of stroke using the Framingham Study cohort. The stroke risk factors included in the profile are age, systolic blood pressure, the use of antihypertensive therapy, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, prior cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease, cardiac failure, or intermittent claudication), atrial fibrillation, and left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiogram. Based on 472 stroke events occurring during 10 years' follow-up from biennial examinations 9 and 14, stroke probabilities were computed using the Cox proportional hazards model for each sex based on a point system. On the basis of the risk factors in the profile, which can be readily determined on routine physical examination in a physician's office, stroke risk can be estimated. An individual's risk can be related to the average risk of stroke for persons of the same age and sex. The information that one's risk of stroke is several times higher than average may provide the impetus for risk factor modification. It may also help to identify persons at substantially increased stroke risk resulting from borderline levels of multiple risk factors such as those with mild or borderline hypertension and facilitate multifactorial risk factor modification.