Task-based instruction

TLDR

Task‑based instruction, rooted in communicative language teaching and second‑language acquisition, is defined as a language‑learning task and has attracted diverse stakeholders, while recent critiques highlight its limitations. The article reviews task research from interactional and cognitive perspectives, outlines performance metrics such as linguistic complexity, accuracy, fluency, and interaction, and discusses pedagogical applications of tasks. The article is organized into five main sections.

Abstract

This article is organised in five main sections. First, the sub-area of task-based instruction is introduced and contextualised. Its origins within communicative language teaching and second language acquisition research are sketched, and the notion of a task in language learning is defined. There is also brief coverage of the different and sometimes contrasting groups who are interested in the use of tasks. The second section surveys research into tasks, covering the different perspectives (interactional, cognitive) which have been influential. Then a third section explores how performance on tasks has been measured, generally in terms of how complex the language used is, how accurate it is, and how fluent. There is also discussion of approaches to measuring interaction. A fourth section explores the pedagogic and interventionist dimension of the use of tasks. The article concludes with a survey of the various critiques of tasks that have been made in recent years.