Task-based language learning is a framework for language instruction and research that centers on the use of meaningful tasks as the primary unit of planning and delivery. It investigates how learners acquire and use language through engaging in tasks that require them to interact and negotiate meaning to achieve a non-linguistic outcome. Key characteristics include a focus on meaning, the use of authentic or simulated real-world tasks, and the belief that language learning is facilitated through purposeful communication. Its significance lies in promoting communicative competence and providing a learner-centered approach to language development.