International Journal of Oncology · 2003 · 175 citations · 80 references
Life SciencesCancer BiologyOncologyApoptosisChemotherapySignal TransductionApoptosis In CancerApoptosis RegulationApoptotic SignalingCancer Cell SignalingOncogenic Signaling PathwaysSignal Transduction In CancerApoptosis Signaling In CancerApoptosis Signaling RegulationApoptotic Signaling In CancerCancer Cell Survival SignalingEpidermal Growth Factor Receptor SignalingErk SignalingExtracellular Signal-regulated Kinase PathwayRaf-mek-erk Signaling
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors (EGFRs) and signaling pathways activated by these receptors have been associated with development of breast cancer as well as its resistance to treatment with cytotoxic drugs. This review describes the current understanding of EGFRs and their downstream signaling pathways. Emphasis is placed upon Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PDK1/Akt signaling pathways and their relationship to regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Also discussed is the relationship between these signaling pathways and response of breast cancer to chemotherapeutic treatment. An appreciation of how these signaling pathways relate to development of breast cancer and its response to chemotherapy may lead to improved prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease.
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Studies of the HER-2/ <i>neu</i> Proto-Oncogene in Human Breast and Ovarian Cancer
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Akt Promotes Cell Survival by Phosphorylating and Inhibiting a Forkhead Transcription Factor
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Tumor suppressor p53 is a regulator of bcl-2 and bax gene expression in vitro and in vivo.
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