Bilingualism Language and Cognition · 2008 · 32 citations · 10 references
Language StudiesLinguisticsCognitive PsychologyLanguage ProficiencyPsycholinguisticsCross-linguistic InfluenceLanguage ExposureMultilingualismSecond Language AcquisitionBilingual CognitionBilingual Lexical RepresentationBilingual ProcessingConceptual Knowledge RepresentationCross-language ProcessingLanguage Proficiency EffectsLexical Knowledge RepresentationSecond Language Processing
Previous studies have found that proficiency in a second language affects how the meanings of words are accessed. Support for this hypothesis is based on data from explicit memory tasks with bilingual participants who know two languages that are relatively similar phonologically and orthographically (e.g., Dutch–English, French–English). The present study tested this hypothesis with Chinese–English bilinguals using an implicit memory task – the cross-language repetition priming paradigm. Consistent with the result of Zeelenberg, R. and Pecher, D. (2003), we obtained reliable effects of long-term cross-language repetition priming using a conceptual implicit memory task. Overall, the four experiments support the Revised Hierarchical Model as they demonstrate that low fluency bilinguals can only access the conceptual representation of the second language via the lexical representation of the first language.
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Implicit memory: Retention without remembering.
Henry L. Roediger · American Psychologist · 1990 · 878 citations
Interlingual word associations
Paul A. Kolers · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · 1963 · 217 citations