Regeneration of Infarcted Myocardium by Intramyocardial Implantation of Ex Vivo Transforming Growth Factor-β–Preprogrammed Bone Marrow Stem Cells

Abstract

TGF-beta conducted the myogenic differentiation of CD117+ stem cells by upregulating GATA-4 and NKx-2.5 expression. Therefore, the intramyocardial implantation of TGF-beta-preprogrammed CD117+ cells effectively assisted the myocardial regeneration and induced therapeutic angiogenesis, contributing to functional cardiac regeneration.