BMJ · 1984 · 124 citations · 11 references
Public HealthPreventive MedicineDisease PreventionEpidemiologyTobacco ControlChronic DiseaseGastrointestinal InflammationInflammatory Bowel DiseaseTobacco EpidemiologyTobacco UseTobacco Use PreventionCase-control Study DesignControlsProtectionRelative Risk EstimationSmoking EpidemiologySmoking Risk AssessmentSocial Class BiasSocial Class Variation
In a case-control study of smoking and ulcerative colitis patients with the disease were much less likely to smoke than community controls matched for age and sex. The difference was substantial, with an estimated relative risk of 3.8 for non-smoking on current habits, was even larger (6.2) when habits at onset of the disease were examined, and was mainly accounted for by 42 of 55 patients who had given up smoking a mean of eight years before onset. The association could not be explained by confounding by social class. These findings suggest that smoking directly or indirectly confers protection against ulcerative colitis.
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Non-smoking: a feature of ulcerative colitis.
Anthony Harries, Andrew Baird, J. Rhodes · BMJ · 1982 · 329 citations · Full text
Estimation of Relative Risk from Individually Matched Series
Olli S. Miettinen · Biometrics · 1970 · 306 citations
George L. Engel · The American Journal of Medicine · 1955 · 210 citations