Memory · 2003 · 38 citations · 50 references
Behavioral Decision MakingHindsight BiasSocial PsychologyCognitionIndividual Decision MakingJudgmental ForecastingRetrospective ForeseeabilityPsychologySocial SciencesCognitive BiasesNegative ResultExperimental Decision MakingBiasForesightExperimental EconomicsCognitive Bias MitigationUnconscious BiasDecision TheoryCognitive ScienceSelf-awarenessApplied Social PsychologyExperimental PsychologySocial CognitionRetrospective JudgementsBehavioral EconomicsBusinessNegative Self-relevant OutcomesDecision Science
We examined a phenomenon related to hindsight bias, specifically, retrospective judgements about the foreseeability of an outcome. We predicted that negative, self-relevant outcomes would be judged as less foreseeable by the recipient of the outcome than by others, unlike either positive outcomes or outcomes that are not self-relevant. In the context of a "stock market decision-making game", the hypothetical stock selected by one of two players showed an extreme increase or decrease. As predicted, the player who received an extreme negative outcome reported that this outcome was less foreseeable than did the opponent and an observer, for whom the outcome was less self-relevant. For no other kind of outcome was there a difference between the recipient of an outcome, the opponent, and the observer. The findings have several implications, including the possibility that hindsight bias should be considered as a special case of retrospective foreseeability.
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Roy F. Baumeister, Ellen Bratslavsky, Catrin Finkenauer et al. · Review of General Psychology · 2001 · 7.1K citations
Judith P. Frankmann, Jeff Adams · The American Journal of Psychology · 1904 · 4.3K citations