A systems approach for the promotion of integrated aquaculture

Abstract

Abstract A broad definition of integrated aquaculture based on linkages between human activities in general rather than on agriculture (including aquaculture) specifically, has merit. This recognizes that the world is changing rapidly and is becoming increasingly diverse and complex; by the end of the millennium more people will live in urban/industrial than rural areas. A framework comprising three interrelated aspects (production technology, social and economic aspects, and environmental aspects) is presented to facilitate study of sustainable farms. The need for a systems approach, which recognizes that integrated aquaculture comprises a range of systems involving various interrelated factors, is illustrated by reference to widespread misconceptions concerning two integrated culture systems: the dyke‐pond system of south China, and feedlot livestock/fish. The case is made that the major constraints facing the promotion of aquaculture are the limited ability of developing countries to assimilate existing technology and limited local capacity in education, research and development. A conceptual framework for the promotion of integrated aquaculture is also presented. The framework comprises theory and practice interrelated with human resources or capacity as a better understanding of the former would facilitate the activities of the actors or players, the latter, who promote or execute aquaculture. National institutes should promote aquaculture in their areas of influence following a farming systems research and extension methodology. Furthermore, financial and technical assistance would be more effective if it were better co‐ordinated.