Effects of Dietary Nutrient Density on Water Quality and Growth of Red Drum <i>Sciaenops ocellatus</i> in Closed Systems

Abstract

Abstract A 10‐wk growth trial was conducted to determine the effects of dietary nutrient density (protein and energy) on the growth of red drum Sciaenops ocellatus and on water quality in closed recirculating systems. Four test diets, with increasing nutrient density, were formulated to contain 32%, 36%, 40%, and 44% protein and 3.4, 3.5, 3.6 and 3.8 kcal/kg energy, respectively. In addition to growth, total ammonia‐nitrogen (TAN), nitrite‐nitrogen, nitratenitrogen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids, net solids accumulated and total phosphorus were measured periodically throughout the study. Significant differences in weight gain and total biomass corresponded to increasing dietary nutrient density. Feed efficiency ratios and protein conversion efficiencies increased with increasing nutrient density of the diet indicating the production of fewer waste products per unit gain. Accumulated waste (net solids accumulated expressed as g/kg of fish) decreased with increasing dietary nutrient density. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in COD and suspended phosphorus with increasing dietary nutrient density. TAN, nitrate‐N and BOD 5 showed no significant trends presumably due to the ability of the biological filter to process these nutrients. Based on the observed results, manipulation of dietary nutrient density can reduce metabolic wastes and at the same time improve fish growth in an aquaculture system.