Therapy · 2009 · 43 citations · 67 references
Life SciencesImmunologyMolecular BiologyAutoimmunityImmunopathologyInnate ImmunityAutoimmune Disease PathogenesisAutoimmune DiseasesInflammatory SignalingInnate Immune Signaling PathwaysSystemic Lupus ErythematosusToll-like ReceptorsEndosomal Toll-like Receptor SignalingEndosomal Toll-like ReceptorsInnate Immune EffectorsInnate Immunity PathwaysIntracellular Signaling PathwaysToll-like Receptor SignalingToll-like Receptor-mediated Innate Immune ResponseToll-like Receptors In Autoimmunity
The endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Their signaling pathways show remarkable similarities and yet the outcomes following activation of each of these TLRs lead to clinically distinct autoimmune disease phenotypes. This review discusses how differences may arise at a molecular and cellular level to account for this diversity of responses. Understanding the roles of individual TLR pathways and the relationships between them and non-TLR innate immune pathways in the pathogenesis of diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosis highlights potential treatment targets for this spectrum of autoimmune diseases.
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