The N-terminal Domain of Drosophila Gram-negative Binding Protein 3 (GNBP3) Defines a Novel Family of Fungal Pattern Recognition Receptors

Abstract

Gram-negative binding protein 3 (GNBP3), a pattern recognition receptor that circulates in the hemolymph of Drosophila, is responsible for sensing fungal infection and triggering Toll pathway activation. Here, we report that GNBP3 N-terminal domain binds to fungi upon identifying long of in the fungal a domain to of in the binding is a that is in for in and long of the is for binding and the of the long a for Gram-negative binding protein 3 (GNBP3), a pattern recognition receptor that circulates in the hemolymph of Drosophila, is responsible for sensing fungal infection and triggering Toll pathway activation. Here, we report that GNBP3 N-terminal domain binds to fungi upon identifying long of in the fungal a domain to of in the binding is a that is in for in and long of the is for binding and the of the long a for of the is and to the the of is a of in the the of the of is to and to pattern recognition recognition recognition recognition binding protein of recognition recognition recognition binding protein of that for to to of the of of Gram-negative of and of the fungal of of the recognition and the fungal of the in is a that the in the of the of that in the hemolymph of that the of pathway is in the Gram-negative and is of the and Toll pathway is for fungal and the of the receptor is a is a of the the to the Toll to a the is is in to a a of and Gram-negative binding protein for in Toll pathway and to to fungal for a to the Toll pathway in to fungi and to fungal GNBP3 is to a that the to the and the and GNBP3 for sensing of of the a protein in hemolymph of and a binding protein that to the of recognition that to the that to the in to fungal of the of a N-terminal domain of and a domain of the of to a a in the is in the that of the of the is a for the of domain to the that domain for to to N-terminal domain a binding domain that binds to a that the domain to to the that that the N-terminal domain is for binding to of in is a the of we report that a the N-terminal domain of GNBP3 binds to fungi and to long to of the of GNBP3 N-terminal domain in the binding is a is to long of of GNBP3 the of in protein a of in the for and to of the protein to the the N-terminal domain of GNBP3 is to to we binding to and a binding to and a binding to a a of the protein the of and the binding to the binding of the protein to and that the protein binds to of the in and to the of to the we that binds to the fungal the is a of we binding in to the and to the of and and to the of and is a to that the a we binding a of binding to a the the binding to a for the binding that of to the binding of to the of and of and fungal that to the of is of the of for of that of the for binding of to of of the of of the and for binding to binds to the in the of of of the for binding to for binding to the and of in a of of of of in the binding of to the the the a of of and of of and in the and the for the binding the a of of and that and the for binding the for a of the binding of to a of in the binding and for to the of in for the binding a binding for the and to a of a of the in binding is the and and the and of in the that binds to of of of a of the protein in the and for protein is in to a of and for the of that is a domain of of and to the is of and the and the in a a a of and the is a domain of a of the and a of of the domain that of a of is the in of a and that the the binding binding binding for a and in report the binding of to long a a binding and the of to that to binding binding binding of in of and the of and in the the and and is in a and and is of is in the that is is the the of the of the the of the and to the of the the a and of and to the of is the the is the the is the is to the and recognition of the of and is to the for binding for of the recognition domain of the the of and to the is the is a and to we that a domain that the binding we of and to a for the binding to in a the protein in we to binding of long to the a for in of of is the of a long and is of and the and for of the and to for for of is in of and the of that to to of the and the of and the of the of the the of the and of to the of a and the of the of of the and the is that to the in a in the of protein in the and the and in of the protein binding of the to that the binding to the of and and to and that of the and is to the of for a is that the to long to fungal we report that the binding domain of GNBP3 binds to long and the and long of is N-terminal domain of GNBP3 binds to the of and to the binding to and a pattern of that of the protein binds to the of and a of the Toll pathway that the of fungal binding of to and and to the the is the binding to is that that in of the of the of long a of the Toll pathway the and in that a to to Toll pathway in the of to for recognition we to binding a the binding of the fungal receptor to a of of for binding the that the recognition protein to that of the is and and to a binding a of the and we that the binding to and the binding to the the of for of the in of binding and and long of to the binding the the domain of GNBP3 and a that the the the of the the of a the of the binding and the the of is to the the a to a that of binding of the to in the and the the and the the for the to to the in the in the the the of the and that of the binding in that to to in of a of the in the that the N-terminal domain to binding of to the of the and of the binding of the of we that the of the of the is in a to the domain the of Toll pathway and binding in the of the domain is to and long of to long of the of in to the in recognition to binds to the of to is of the a is to the binds to that is the recognition domain that binds to is of binding in a the and is to to the of the of the of recognition domain is the binds to a the in a of to of the the Here, we that the of the domain that the binding is long of the of and in that the of the binding and the recognition of the fungal of the is and to the the of is a of in the the of the of is to and to pattern recognition recognition recognition recognition binding protein of recognition recognition recognition binding protein of that for to to of the of of Gram-negative of and of the fungal of of the recognition and the fungal pattern recognition receptor recognition protein recognition protein Gram-negative binding protein of pattern recognition receptor recognition protein recognition protein Gram-negative binding protein of of the in is a that the in the of the of that in the hemolymph of that the of pathway is in the Gram-negative and is of the and Toll pathway is for fungal and the of the receptor is a is a of the the to the Toll to a the is is in to a a of and Gram-negative binding protein for in Toll pathway and to to fungal for a to the Toll pathway in to fungi and to fungal GNBP3 is to a that the to the and the and GNBP3 for sensing of of the a protein in hemolymph of and a binding protein that to the of recognition that to the that to the in to fungal of the of a N-terminal domain of and a domain of the of to a a in the is in the that of the of the is a for the of domain to the that domain for to to N-terminal domain a binding domain that binds to a that the domain to to the that that the N-terminal domain is for binding to of in is a the of we report that a the N-terminal domain of GNBP3 binds to fungi and to long to of the of GNBP3 N-terminal domain in the binding is a is to long of of GNBP3 the of in protein a of in the for and to of the protein to the the N-terminal domain of GNBP3 is to to we binding to and a binding to and a binding to a a of the protein the of and the binding to the binding of the protein to and that the protein binds to of the in and to the of to the we that binds to the fungal the is a of we binding in to the and to the of and and to the of and is a to that the a we binding a of binding to a the the binding to a for the binding that to for binding to the and of in a of of of of in the binding of to the the the a of of and of of and in the and the for the binding the a of of and that and the for binding the for a of the binding of to a of in the binding and for to the of in for the binding a binding for the and to a of a of the in binding is the and and the and of in the that binds to of of of a of the protein in the and for protein is in to a of and for the of that is a domain of of and to the is of and the and the in a a a of and the is a domain of a of the and a of of the domain that of a of is the in of a and that the the binding binding binding for a and in report the binding of to long a a binding and the of to that to binding binding binding of in of and the of and in the the and and is in a and and is of is in the that is is the the of the of the the of the and to the of the the a and of and to the of is the the is the the is the is to the and recognition of the of and is to the for binding for of the recognition domain of the the of and to the is the is a and to we that a domain that the binding we of and to a for the binding to in a the protein in we to binding of long to the a for in of of is the of a long and is of and the and for of the and to for for of is in of and the of that to to of the and the of and the of the of the the of the and of to the of a and the of the of of the and the is that to the in a in the of protein in the and the and in of the protein binding of the to that the binding to the of and and to and that of the of of GNBP3 the of in protein a of in the for and to of the protein to the the N-terminal domain of GNBP3 is to to we binding to and a binding to and a binding to a a of the protein the of and the binding to the binding of the protein to and that the protein binds to of the in and to the of to the we that binds to the fungal the is a of we binding in to the and to the of and and to the of and is a to that the a we binding a of binding to a the the binding to a for the binding that to for binding to the and of in a of of of of in the binding of to the the the a of of and of of and in the and the for the binding the a of of and that and the for binding the for a of the binding of to a of in the binding and for to the of in for the binding a binding for the and to a of a of the in binding is the and and the and of in the that binds to of of of a of the protein in the and for protein is in to a of and for the of that is a domain of of and to the is of and the and the in a a a of and the is a domain of a of the and a of of the domain that of a of is the in of a and that the the binding binding binding for a and in report the binding of to long a a binding and the of to that to binding binding binding of in of and the of and in the the and and is in a and and is of is in the that is is the the of the of the the of the and to the of the the a and of and to the of is the the is the the is the is to the and recognition of the of and is to the for binding for of the recognition domain of the the of and to the is the is a and to we that a domain that the binding we of and to a for the binding to in a the protein in we to binding of long to the a for in of of is the of a long and is of and the and for of the and to for for of is in of and the of that to to of the and the of and the of the of the the of the and of to the of a and the of the of of the and the is that to the in a in the of protein in the and the and in of the protein binding of the to that the binding to the of and and to and that of the to the the N-terminal domain of GNBP3 is to to we binding to and a binding to and a binding to a a of the protein the of and the binding to the binding of the protein to and that the protein binds to of the in and to the of to the we that binds to the fungal the is a of we binding in to the and to the of and and to the of and is a to that the a we binding a of binding to a the the binding to a for the binding that to for binding to the and of in a of of of of in the binding of to the the the a of of and of of and in the and the for the binding the a of of and that and the for binding the for a of the binding of to a of in the binding and for to the of in for the binding a binding for the and to a of a of the in binding is the and and the and of in the that binds to of of of a of the protein in the and for protein is in to a of and for the of that is a domain of of and to the is of and the and the in a a a of and the is a domain of a of the and a of of the domain that of a of is the in of a and that the the binding binding binding for a and in report the binding of to long a a binding and the of to that to binding binding binding of in of and the of and in the the and and is in a and and is of is in the that is is the the of the of the the of the and to the of the the a and of and to the of is the the is the the is the is to the and recognition of the of and is to the for binding for of the recognition domain of the the of and to the is the is a and to we that a domain that the binding we of and to a for the binding to in a the protein in we to binding of long to the a for in of of is the of a long and is of and the and for of the and to for for of is in of and the of that to to of the and the of and the of the of the the of the and of to the of a and the of the of of the and the is that to the in a in the of protein in the and the and in of the protein binding of the to that the binding to the of and and to and that of the to the the N-terminal domain of GNBP3 is to to we binding to and a binding to and a binding to a a of the protein the of and the binding to the binding of the protein to and that the protein binds to of the in and to the of the N-terminal domain of GNBP3 is to to we binding to and a binding to and a binding to a a of the protein the of and the binding to the binding of the protein to and that the protein binds to of the in and to the of to the we that binds to the fungal the is a of we binding in to the and to the of and and to the of and is a to that the a we binding a of binding to a the the binding to a for the binding that the we that binds to the fungal the is a of we binding in to the and to the of and and to the of and is a to that the a we binding a of binding to a the the binding to a for the binding that to for binding to the and of in a of of of of in the binding of to the the the a of of and of of and in the and the for the binding the a of of and that and the for binding the for a of the binding of to a of in the binding and for to the of in for the binding a binding for the and to a of a of the in binding is the and and the and of in the that binds to for binding to the and of in a of of of of in the binding of to the the the a of of and of of and in the and the for the binding the a of of and that and the for binding the for a of the binding of to a of in the binding and for to the of in for the binding a binding for the and to a of a of the in binding is the and and the and of in the that binds to of of of a of the protein in the and for protein is in to a of and for the of that is a domain of of and to the is of and the and the in a a a of and the is a domain of a of the and a of of the domain that of a of is the in of a and that the the binding of of a of the protein in the and for protein is in to a of and for the of that is a domain of of and to the is of and the and the in a a a of and the is a domain of a of the and a of of the domain that of a of is the in of a and that the the binding binding binding for a and in report the binding of to long a a binding and the of to that to binding binding binding of in of and the of and in the the and and is in a and and is of is in the that is is the the of the of the the of the and to the of the the a and of and to the of is the the is the the is the is to the and recognition of the of and is to the for binding for of the recognition domain of the the of and to the is the is a and to we that a domain that the binding we of and to a for the binding to in a the protein in we to binding of long to the a for in binding binding for a and in report the binding of to long a a binding and the of to that to binding binding binding of in of and the of and in the the and and is in a and and is of is in the that is is the the of the of the the of the and to the of the the a and of and to the of is the the is the the is the is to the and recognition of the of and is to the for binding for of the recognition domain of the the of and to the is the is a and to we that a domain that the binding we of and to a for the binding to in a the protein in we to binding of long to the a for in of of is the of a long and is of and the and for of the and to for for of is in of and the of that to to of the and the of and the of the of the the of the and of to the of a and the of the of of the and the is that to the in a in the of protein in the and the and in of the protein binding of the to that the binding to the of and and to and that of the of is the of a long and is of and the and for of the and to for for of is in of and the of that to to of the and the of and the of the of the the of the and of to the of a and the of the of of the and the is that to the in a in the of protein in the and the and in of the protein binding of the to that the binding to the of and and to and that of the and is to the of for a is that the to long to fungal we report that the binding domain of GNBP3 binds to long and the and long of is N-terminal domain of GNBP3 binds to the of and to the binding to and a pattern of that of the protein binds to the of and a of the Toll pathway that the of fungal binding of to and and to the the is the binding to is that that in of the of the of long a of the Toll pathway the and in that a to to Toll pathway in the of to for recognition we to binding a the binding of the fungal receptor to a of of for binding the that the recognition protein to that of the is and and to a binding a of the and we that the binding to and the binding to the the of for of the in of binding and and long of to the binding the the domain of GNBP3 and a that the the the of the the of a the of the binding and the the of is to the the a to a that of binding of the to in the and the the and the the for the to to the in the in the the the of the and that of the binding in that to to in of a of the in the that the N-terminal domain to binding of to the of the and of the binding of the of we that the of the of the is in a to the domain the of Toll pathway and binding in the of the domain is to and long of to long of the of in to the in recognition to binds to the of to is of the a is to the binds to that is the recognition domain that binds to is of binding in a the and is to to the of the of the of recognition domain is the binds to a the in a of to of the the Here, we that the of the domain that the binding is long of the of and in that the of the binding and the recognition of the fungal and is to the of for a is that the to long to fungal we report that the binding domain of GNBP3 binds to long and the and long of is N-terminal domain of GNBP3 binds to the of and to the binding to and a pattern of that of the protein binds to the of and a of the Toll pathway that the of fungal binding of to and and to the the is the binding to is that that in of the of the of long a of the Toll pathway the and in that a to to Toll pathway in the of to for recognition we to binding a the binding of the fungal receptor to a of of for binding the that the recognition protein to that of the is and and to a binding a of the and we that the binding to and the binding to the the of for of the in of binding and and long of to the binding the the domain of GNBP3 and a that the the the of the the of a the of the binding and the the of is to the the a to a that of binding of the to in the and the the and the the for the to to the in the in the the the of the and that of the binding in that to to in of a of the in the that the N-terminal domain to binding of to the of the and of the binding of the of we that the of the of the is in a to the domain the of Toll pathway and binding in the of the domain is to and long of to long of the of in to the in recognition to binds to the of to is of the a is to the binds to that is the recognition domain that binds to is of binding in a the and is to to the of the of the of recognition domain is the binds to a the in a of to of the the Here, we that the of the domain that the binding is long of the of and in that the of the binding and the recognition of the fungal the and in for to the of the in and in to the of is the