Urticarial Vasculitis with Papular Lesions in a Patient with Type C Hepatitis and Cryoglobulinemia

Abstract

We describe a case of urticarial vasculitis accompanied by erythematous wheals, palpable pupura, and subsequent necrotic ulcerated papular lesions in a patient with type C chronic hepatitis and type II cryoglobulinemia (IgM-kappa and polyclonal IgG). A 56-year-old man developed recurrent urticarial lesions on his lower extremities and trunk. The histology revealed leukocytoclastic vasculitis with perivascular immunoglobulin deposits. Subsequently, multiple reddish papular lesions with necrotic ulcerations appeared on the extensor aspect of his extremities and buttocks. Histology of these lesions showed cryoglobulinemic vasculitis with prominent fibrinoid necrosis of the vascular walls and cryoprecipitate within the vasculature as well as increased hyalinized collagen bundles. These papular lesions have not previously been described as cutaneous necrotizing venulitis to the best of our knowledge. It is suggested that the immune response to hepatitis C virus infection and cryoglobulins may be responsible for severe necrotizing venulitis, resulting in unusual cutaneous lesions.