The orange arc bands of CaO. Analysis of a <i>D</i>,<i>d</i> 1,3Δ–<i>a</i> 3Π system

Abstract

The orange and green arc bands of CaO are shown to arise from Ca+ centered (4p,3d)-4s transitions analogous to the CaF A 2Π–X 2Σ+ and B 2Σ+–X 2Σ+ systems. The tremendous complexity of these Ca+O− systems is a consequence of the sixfold degeneracy of the O− p-hole, as compared to the nondegenerate F−(1S). The 0, 0 and 1, 1 bands of a D,d 1,3Δ–a 3Π transition are recorded by intermodulation spectroscopy and assigned (vibration, rotation, absolute parity) by nonstandard techniques. The D 1Δ state is found to lie below the isoconfigurational d 3Δ1 state and D∼d spin-orbit perturbation causes the d 3Δ state to become irregular (3Δ2≳3Δ1≳3Δ3). Two perturbation effects provide the key to the orbital interpretation of the orange and green arc bands: lambda doubling in a 3Π indicates that a π4σσ3Σ+ state lies 1500 cm−1 above a 3Π; D, d 1,3Δ∼B 1Π perturbations suggest recurrence of this 1500 cm−1 interconfigurational splitting which is the O−pσ/pπ splitting induced by the Ca+ ligand.