The effects of the sex of the experimenter, expectancy inductions, and sex of the rater on leniency, halo, and trait errors in speech rating behavior

Abstract

This study tested hypotheses drawn from a theory of rating behavior. It was found that: (1) the sex of the experimenter is an important variable in leniency errors; (2) the sex of the experimenter and the sex of the rater interact differently on halo errors for male and female speakers; and (3) the sex of the rater is a major variable in trait errors on both content and delivery traits.