Overexpression of toll‐like receptors 3 and 4 in synovial tissue from patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: Toll‐like receptor expression in early and longstanding arthritis

Abstract

Our findings of high expression of TLRs, particularly TLRs 3 and 4, at an early stage of RA and the reactivity of synovial fibroblasts in vitro to TLR ligands suggest that TLR signaling pathways resulting in persistent inflammation and joint destruction are activated early in the disease process.