Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing Measurement and Phenomena · 2001 · 62 citations · 6 references
EngineeringElectrical EngineeringMaterials ScienceElectronic MaterialsMicroelectronicsSemiconductor DevicesDevice ModelingElectron Beam LithographyElectron Beam PhysicsElectron TransportElectronic EffectsSemiconductor InterfacesEnergy DepositionEnergy Deposition ProfilesSecondary Electron EmissionSecondary Electron ProductionSecondary Electron Transport
An analytical electron-resist interaction (ERI) model is developed based on detailed investigation of secondary electron production and binding energy related exposure events. Analysis shows that 80% of the exposure events are directly caused by secondary electrons for 100 keV primary electron energy. The number of secondary electrons and further cascade electrons is 1/20 and 1/300, respectively, of the incoming electrons. An algebraic expression is derived to describe the spatial distribution of the exposure events. The ERI model can be extended to chemically amplified resists.
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An empirical stopping power relationship for low‐energy electrons
David C. Joy, Shenghong Luo · Scanning · 1989 · 454 citations
Electron exchange in binary encounter collision theory
L. Vriens · Proceedings of the Physical Society · 1966 · 109 citations