Oxidative Stress Induces Nuclear-to-Cytosol Shift of hMSH3, a Potential Mechanism for EMAST in Colorectal Cancer Cells

Abstract

EMAST is dependent upon the MMR background, with hMSH3⁻/⁻ more prone to frameshift mutations than hMSH6⁻/⁻, opposite to frameshift mutations observed for mononucleotide repeats. hMSH3⁻/⁻ mimics complete MMR failure (hMLH1⁻/⁻) in inducing EMAST. Given the observed heterogeneous expression of hMSH3 in CRCs with EMAST, hMSH3-deficiency appears to be the event that commences EMAST. Oxidative stress, which causes a shift of hMSH3's subcellular location, may contribute to an hMSH3 loss-of-function phenotype by sequestering it to the cytosol.