Temporal difference learning applied to game playing and the results of application to shogi

Some Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Checkers

Arthur L. Samuel · IBM Journal of Research and Development · 1959 · 4.3K citations

Artificial Intelligence, Game Ai, Engineering +22

Learning to predict by the methods of temporal differences

Richard S. Sutton · Machine Learning · 1988 · 2.8K citations · Full text

Engineering, Machine Learning, Data Science +8

TD-Gammon, a Self-Teaching Backgammon Program, Achieves Master-Level Play

Gerald Tesauro · Neural Computation · 1994 · 789 citations

Artificial Intelligence, Game Ai, Engineering +19

KnightCap: A Chess Programm That Learns by Combining TD(lambda) with Game-Tree Search

Jonathan Baxter, Andrew Tridgell, Lex Weaver · International Conference on Machine Learning · 1998 · 65 citations

Artificial Intelligence, Game Ai, Engineering +15

Null Move and Deep Search

Christian Donninger · ICGA Journal · 1993 · 62 citations

Artificial Intelligence, Engineering, Machine Learning +16