Educational and Psychological Measurement · 1997 · 158 citations · 18 references
Social SciencesBehavioral SciencesPsychologyPsychometricsScale DevelopmentTest DevelopmentAnxiety AssessmentItem AnalysisPsychological AssessmentPsychological TestingTest ReliabilityTest ValidityAdolescent Anxiety SymptomsAnxiety Screening InstrumentsAnxiety Symptom AssessmentConstruct ValidityConstruct Validity AssessmentReplicabilitySelf-report Anxiety Questionnaires
This article presents the development of a measure of test anxiety among adolescents, named the FRIEDBEN Test Anxiety Scale (the FTA). It is a 23-item scale consisting of the following three subscales: (a) Social Derogation (worries of being socially belittled and deprecated by significant others following failure on a test), (b) Cognitive Obstruction (poor concentration, failure to recall, difficulties in effective problem solving, before or during a test), and (c) Tenseness (bodily and emotional discomfort). Replicability analyses-cross-validation and validity generalization-were conducted. Data regarding the construct validity of scores on the measure are reported.
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The Scree Test For The Number Of Factors
Raymond B. Cattell · Multivariate Behavioral Research · 1966 · 13.5K citations
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