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Active planar waveguides based on sol–gel Er3+-doped SiO2–ZrO2 for photonic applications: Morphological, structural and optical properties

Materials SciencePhotonicsActive Planar WaveguidesOptical MaterialsEngineeringOptical PropertiesPhotonic MaterialsOptical WaveguidesApplied PhysicsPlanar Waveguide SensorGuided-wave OpticOptoelectronic DevicesPhotonic DeviceOptoelectronicsSol–gel Er3+-doped Sio2–zro2Nanophotonics