Troika II: a versatile beamline for the study of liquid and solid interfaces

Abstract

The Troika II beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility was conceived as a versatile beamline for the study of liquid and solid interfaces, combining grazing-incidence diffraction, X-ray reflectivity and grazing-incidence small-angle scattering in a single instrument. Scattering experiments can be performed both in horizontal and in vertical scattering geometry. Additional options are the use of analyzer crystals for high-resolution studies in both the horizontal and the vertical scattering geometry as well as the use of a horizontal microfocusing mirror for experiments requiring very high flux onto the sample. Here, the way in which the features of the beamline have been exploited in selected recent experiments is described.