The Proper Protocol: Validity and Completeness of Verbal Reports

Abstract

It is a fact that I see an inkstand before me; but before I can say that I am obliged to have impressions of sense into which no idea of an inkstand, or of any separate object, or of an I, or of seeing, enter at all; and it is true that my judging that I see an inkstand before me is the product of mental operations upon these impressions of sense. (Peirce, 1901, cited in Bowers; Regehr, Balthazard, & Parker, 1990, p. 94)