A Sub-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\rm W}$</tex></formula> Bandgap Reference Circuit With an Inherent Curvature-Compensation Property

Abstract

A new current-mode bandgap reference circuit (BGR) which is capable of generating sub-1-V output voltage is presented. It has not only the lowest theoretical minimum current consumption among published current-mode BGRs, but also additional advantages of an inherent curvature-compensation function and not requiring NPN BJTs. The curvature-compensation is achieved by utilizing the exponential behavior of sub-threshold CMOS transistors to compensate the BJT base-emitter voltage high-order temperature dependence. By taking advantages of the continuing development of CMOS technology, sub- μW power consumption is achieved with a reasonable core area. Related design considerations and challenges are discussed and analyzed. The proposed BGR is realized in a TSMC 90 nm process. Measurement results shows a temperature coefficient without trimming as low as 10.1 ppm/ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C over a temperature range of 70 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C because of the proposed curvature-compensation technique. The average value is 32.6 ppm/ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C which could be improved by trimming resistor ratios. The average power consumption at room temperature is 576 nW, with a core area of only 0.028 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .