Acceptor complexes in germanium: Systems with tunneling hydrogen

Abstract

Experimental data on photothermal ionization spectroscopy of hydrogen-related acceptors in ultrapure germanium are presented. Ground levels do not split under applied uniaxial stresses. A theoretical model based on dynamic tunneling of hydrogen is proposed and analyzed in detail. An overall chemical picture of impurities associated with hydrogen-acceptors and donors-is also presented. It accounts consistently for all known facts related to these complexes: infrared spectra, thermal annealing and quenching, and conditions of crystal growth.