Enhanced Expression of Indoleamine 2,3‐Dioxygenase in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>‐Infected Human Gastric Mucosa Modulates Th1/Th2 Pathway and Interleukin 17 Production

Abstract

In H. pylori-infected human gastric mucosa, an enhanced expression of IDO is capable of modulating Th1/Th2 and Th17 pathways. This mechanism lowers gastric inflammation, possibly contributing to the persistence of H. pylori. Targeting the IDO pathway may be a new strategy for modulating H. pylori-induced mucosal immune response.