Intermetallic growth in gold ball bonds aged at 175°C: comparison between two 4N wires of different chemistry

Abstract

Gold wires of different chemistry (denoted as Types A and B) are ballbonded on identical metallization and isothermally aged at 175°C. In both wire types the same intermetallic compounds Au4Al and Au8Al3 grow with parabolic time dependence as long as there is a supply of Al from the bondpad. After Al is completely reacted, composition of intermetallics in Type A wire remains unchanged but in Type B wire, the Au8Al3 compound undergoes a phase transformation into a second layer of Au Al. The phase transformation does not affect mechanical reliability of the ballbonds. Intermetallic growth kinetics, growth sequence and the possible origins of the phase transformation are discussed.