Prevalence of myasthenia gravis and associated autoantibodies in paraneoplastic pemphigus and their correlations with symptoms and prognosis

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) involves multiple organs, but little is known about its neurological involvement. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the symptoms, prognosis and profiles of associated autoantibodies in myasthenia gravis (MG), and their correlations in patients with PNP. METHODS: Fifty-eight patients with PNP were assessed for myasthenic symptoms and laboratory evidence. Serum autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptor (AChR), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), titin, ryanodine receptor (RyR) and muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV), pemphigus foliaceus (PF), connective tissue disease (CTD) and non-PNP MG (NP-MG), and healthy donors, served as controls. These autoantibodies in PNP were also compared in the presence or absence of dyspnoea or muscle weakness. Cox regression and log-rank tests were used for survival analysis. RESULTS: Overall 39% of patients with PNP experienced muscle weakness, and 35% were diagnosed with MG. Moreover, 35% had positive anti-AChR and 28% had anti-AChE antibodies, similarly to NP-MG (33% and 17%, respectively, P > 0·05). However, both were negative in all patients with PV, PF and CTD and healthy donors (P < 0·005). No other antibodies showed significant differences among groups. Anti-AChR and anti-AChE antibody levels were significantly increased in patients with PNP with dyspnoea, while anti-AChR, anti-titin and anti-RyR were significantly increased in patients with PNP with muscle weakness (P < 0·05). Nevertheless, levels and positive rates of these autoantibodies showed no significant differences between PNP with Castleman disease and thymoma. Although anti-AChE levels impacted survival duration (P = 0·027, odds ratio 3·14), MG complications did not affect the overall survival percentage in PNP. CONCLUSIONS: MG is a complication of PNP. Anti-AChR and anti-AChE antibodies are prominent in patients with PNP, especially those with dyspnoea.