The story of hardiness: Twenty years of theorizing, research, and practice.

Abstract

DOI 10.1037//1061-4087.54.3.175 Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, Vol. 54, No. 3, 175–185 173 aware of the trend in research and practice concerning the debilitating effects of disruptive changes on which the magazine article was based. As I quickly discovered, this trend presented a challenge to my contention that creative people actively search for changes, f inding them more stimulating than debilitating. The disagreement between the two positions seemed to highlight an issue of individual differences to me: Although stressful changes may be debilitating for some people, perhaps they are developmentally provocative for others. My research team and I at the University of Chicago discussed this issue, and before long we decided to collect some relevant research data.